Holby City is a British medical drama television series that airs weekly on BBC One. The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama Casualty, and premiered on 12 January 1999. It is set in the same hospital as Casualty, Holby General, in the fictional city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both Casualty (in episodes broadcast as Casualty@Holby City) and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off HolbyBlue. Its first executive producers were Mal and Johnathan Young, who were succeeded by Kathleen Hutchison from 2003–2004, Richard Stokes from 2004–2006, McHale from 2006–2010 and Belinda Campbell from 2010.

The show follows the lives of medical and ancillary staff at the fictional Holby City Hospital. It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with eleven main characters in its first series, all of whom have since left the show. New main characters have been both written in and out of the series since, with a core of 15 main actors employed on the serial at any given time. In casting the first series, Young sought out actors who were already well-known in the television industry, something which has continued throughout the show's history, with cast members including Patsy Kensit, Jane Asher, Robert Powell and Adrian Edmondson.

McHale was formerly the show's lead writer, and was the first British writer ever to become the showrunner of a major prime-time drama. Under his tenure as executive producer, attempts were made at modernising the programme and appealing to a younger audience by taking on the filmizing technique and introducing musical montage segments into each episode. Eleven series of Holby City have aired, and a twelfth began airing on 20 October 2009. The show has run for over 500, hour-long episodes. It is filmed at the BBC's Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire, and from 2004–2008 featured annual special episodes filmed on location abroad. From autumn 2010, Holby City will move to high definition broadcasting.

Holby City has attracted comparisons to other medical dramas, often unfavourable, and figures within the television and entertainment industry including Broadcasting Standards Commission director Paul Bolt have accused the BBC of squandering the television licence fee on the programme. The series employs a team of researchers to ensure medical accuracy, and utilises surgeons from different disciplines to check scripts. Cast members are taught to perform basic medical procedures, and given the opportunity to spend time on real hospital wards for research. Holby City has, however, been criticised for its lack of realism, with the British Medical Association denouncing its portrayal of organ donation and unrealistic impression of resuscitation, and an accident and emergency nurse at the 2008 Royal College of Nursing conference accusing the show of fostering unrealistic expectations of the NHS and fuelling compensation culture. It has been praised by the Royal National Institute for Deaf People for including deaf actors, and was named in a 2008 report into ethnic diversity on television as a positive example of diversity. Holby City has been nominated for over 100 television awards, of which it has won six: the 2008 British Academy Television Award for "Best Continuing Drama", two Ethnic Multicultural Media Awards and three Screen Nation Awards. The show's first series averaged 9.27 million viewers. Apart from a rise in its fifth series, ratings have declined year-on-year, with the eleventh series averaging 5.44 million viewers.

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